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1 след
Русско-английский словарь по информационным технологиям > след
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2 след
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3 след повозки
Makarov: the track of a wagon, track of a wagon -
4 след
1. track2. trace -
5 фоновый след
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6 вагонетка
bogie, buggy, car, dilly, jenny, larry, tub, tram, trolley, truck, wagon* * *вагоне́тка ж.
industrial car; buggyвагоне́тка «де́ржит» колею́ — the car travels easily through curvesзагружа́ть вагоне́тку в клеть ( шахтного подъёмника) — deck a car (of a mine hoist)захва́тывать вагоне́тку спе́реди или сза́ди — attack the front or rear of a carопроки́дывать вагоне́тку ( целиком) — tip [tipple] a car (bodily)отка́тывать вагоне́тку вручну́ю — tram a car by handотка́тывать вагоне́тку кана́тной систе́мой — rope-haul a carприподнима́ть вагоне́тку над колеё́й — lift a car clear of the trackразгружа́ть вагоне́тку — empty a carвагоне́тка сошла́ с ре́льсов — the car derailedвагоне́тка усто́йчива на поворо́тах — the car travels easily through curvesвагоне́тка усто́йчива на ходу́ — the car keeps to the track safelyвагоне́тка внутризаводско́го тра́нспорта — industrial carвагоне́тка для бето́на — concrete buggyвагоне́тка для мульд — charging-pan carзава́лочная вагоне́тка — charging carзагру́зочная вагоне́тка — charging carкоксотуши́льная вагоне́тка — coke-quenching carлесодоста́вочная вагоне́тка — брит. timber trolleyлите́йная вагоне́тка — casting bogie, casting buggyвагоне́тка, опроки́дывающаяся на о́бе сто́роны — double-side tipping wagonру́дничная вагоне́тка — mine carру́дничная, пассажи́рская вагоне́тка — man-rider, man-riding carсаморазгружа́ющаяся вагоне́тка — self-discharge carсамохо́дная вагоне́тка — self-propelled trolleyсамохо́дная, ка́бельная вагоне́тка — cable-reel carвагоне́тка с до́нной разгру́зкой — drop-bottom [hinged bottom] carвагоне́тка с жё́стко закреплё́нным ку́зовом — box [rigid-body, non-tipping] carвагоне́тка с опроки́дывающимся ку́зовом — rocker side-dump carвагоне́тка с откидно́й сте́нкой — door-type [hinged side] carша́хтная вагоне́тка ( небольшая) — tubшла́ковая вагоне́тка — cinder car -
7 Stephenson, George
[br]b. 9 June 1781 Wylam, Northumberland, Englandd. 12 August 1848 Tapton House, Chesterfield, England[br]English engineer, "the father of railways".[br]George Stephenson was the son of the fireman of the pumping engine at Wylam colliery, and horses drew wagons of coal along the wooden rails of the Wylam wagonway past the house in which he was born and spent his earliest childhood. While still a child he worked as a cowherd, but soon moved to working at coal pits. At 17 years of age he showed sufficient mechanical talent to be placed in charge of a new pumping engine, and had already achieved a job more responsible than that of his father. Despite his position he was still illiterate, although he subsequently learned to read and write. He was largely self-educated.In 1801 he was appointed Brakesman of the winding engine at Black Callerton pit, with responsibility for lowering the miners safely to their work. Then, about two years later, he became Brakesman of a new winding engine erected by Robert Hawthorn at Willington Quay on the Tyne. Returning collier brigs discharged ballast into wagons and the engine drew the wagons up an inclined plane to the top of "Ballast Hill" for their contents to be tipped; this was one of the earliest applications of steam power to transport, other than experimentally.In 1804 Stephenson moved to West Moor pit, Killingworth, again as Brakesman. In 1811 he demonstrated his mechanical skill by successfully modifying a new and unsatisfactory atmospheric engine, a task that had defeated the efforts of others, to enable it to pump a drowned pit clear of water. The following year he was appointed Enginewright at Killingworth, in charge of the machinery in all the collieries of the "Grand Allies", the prominent coal-owning families of Wortley, Liddell and Bowes, with authorization also to work for others. He built many stationary engines and he closely examined locomotives of John Blenkinsop's type on the Kenton \& Coxlodge wagonway, as well as those of William Hedley at Wylam.It was in 1813 that Sir Thomas Liddell requested George Stephenson to build a steam locomotive for the Killingworth wagonway: Blucher made its first trial run on 25 July 1814 and was based on Blenkinsop's locomotives, although it lacked their rack-and-pinion drive. George Stephenson is credited with building the first locomotive both to run on edge rails and be driven by adhesion, an arrangement that has been the conventional one ever since. Yet Blucher was far from perfect and over the next few years, while other engineers ignored the steam locomotive, Stephenson built a succession of them, each an improvement on the last.During this period many lives were lost in coalmines from explosions of gas ignited by miners' lamps. By observation and experiment (sometimes at great personal risk) Stephenson invented a satisfactory safety lamp, working independently of the noted scientist Sir Humphry Davy who also invented such a lamp around the same time.In 1817 George Stephenson designed his first locomotive for an outside customer, the Kilmarnock \& Troon Railway, and in 1819 he laid out the Hetton Colliery Railway in County Durham, for which his brother Robert was Resident Engineer. This was the first railway to be worked entirely without animal traction: it used inclined planes with stationary engines, self-acting inclined planes powered by gravity, and locomotives.On 19 April 1821 Stephenson was introduced to Edward Pease, one of the main promoters of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway (S \& DR), which by coincidence received its Act of Parliament the same day. George Stephenson carried out a further survey, to improve the proposed line, and in this he was assisted by his 18-year-old son, Robert Stephenson, whom he had ensured received the theoretical education which he himself lacked. It is doubtful whether either could have succeeded without the other; together they were to make the steam railway practicable.At George Stephenson's instance, much of the S \& DR was laid with wrought-iron rails recently developed by John Birkinshaw at Bedlington Ironworks, Morpeth. These were longer than cast-iron rails and were not brittle: they made a track well suited for locomotives. In June 1823 George and Robert Stephenson, with other partners, founded a firm in Newcastle upon Tyne to build locomotives and rolling stock and to do general engineering work: after its Managing Partner, the firm was called Robert Stephenson \& Co.In 1824 the promoters of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) invited George Stephenson to resurvey their proposed line in order to reduce opposition to it. William James, a wealthy land agent who had become a visionary protagonist of a national railway network and had seen Stephenson's locomotives at Killingworth, had promoted the L \& MR with some merchants of Liverpool and had carried out the first survey; however, he overreached himself in business and, shortly after the invitation to Stephenson, became bankrupt. In his own survey, however, George Stephenson lacked the assistance of his son Robert, who had left for South America, and he delegated much of the detailed work to incompetent assistants. During a devastating Parliamentary examination in the spring of 1825, much of his survey was shown to be seriously inaccurate and the L \& MR's application for an Act of Parliament was refused. The railway's promoters discharged Stephenson and had their line surveyed yet again, by C.B. Vignoles.The Stockton \& Darlington Railway was, however, triumphantly opened in the presence of vast crowds in September 1825, with Stephenson himself driving the locomotive Locomotion, which had been built at Robert Stephenson \& Co.'s Newcastle works. Once the railway was at work, horse-drawn and gravity-powered traffic shared the line with locomotives: in 1828 Stephenson invented the horse dandy, a wagon at the back of a train in which a horse could travel over the gravity-operated stretches, instead of trotting behind.Meanwhile, in May 1826, the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway had successfully obtained its Act of Parliament. Stephenson was appointed Engineer in June, and since he and Vignoles proved incompatible the latter left early in 1827. The railway was built by Stephenson and his staff, using direct labour. A considerable controversy arose c. 1828 over the motive power to be used: the traffic anticipated was too great for horses, but the performance of the reciprocal system of cable haulage developed by Benjamin Thompson appeared in many respects superior to that of contemporary locomotives. The company instituted a prize competition for a better locomotive and the Rainhill Trials were held in October 1829.Robert Stephenson had been working on improved locomotive designs since his return from America in 1827, but it was the L \& MR's Treasurer, Henry Booth, who suggested the multi-tubular boiler to George Stephenson. This was incorporated into a locomotive built by Robert Stephenson for the trials: Rocket was entered by the three men in partnership. The other principal entrants were Novelty, entered by John Braithwaite and John Ericsson, and Sans Pareil, entered by Timothy Hackworth, but only Rocket, driven by George Stephenson, met all the organizers' demands; indeed, it far surpassed them and demonstrated the practicability of the long-distance steam railway. With the opening of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway in 1830, the age of railways began.Stephenson was active in many aspects. He advised on the construction of the Belgian State Railway, of which the Brussels-Malines section, opened in 1835, was the first all-steam railway on the European continent. In England, proposals to link the L \& MR with the Midlands had culminated in an Act of Parliament for the Grand Junction Railway in 1833: this was to run from Warrington, which was already linked to the L \& MR, to Birmingham. George Stephenson had been in charge of the surveys, and for the railway's construction he and J.U. Rastrick were initially Principal Engineers, with Stephenson's former pupil Joseph Locke under them; by 1835 both Stephenson and Rastrick had withdrawn and Locke was Engineer-in-Chief. Stephenson remained much in demand elsewhere: he was particularly associated with the construction of the North Midland Railway (Derby to Leeds) and related lines. He was active in many other places and carried out, for instance, preliminary surveys for the Chester \& Holyhead and Newcastle \& Berwick Railways, which were important links in the lines of communication between London and, respectively, Dublin and Edinburgh.He eventually retired to Tapton House, Chesterfield, overlooking the North Midland. A man who was self-made (with great success) against colossal odds, he was ever reluctant, regrettably, to give others their due credit, although in retirement, immensely wealthy and full of honour, he was still able to mingle with people of all ranks.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, on its formation in 1847. Order of Leopold (Belgium) 1835. Stephenson refused both a knighthood and Fellowship of the Royal Society.Bibliography1815, jointly with Ralph Dodd, British patent no. 3,887 (locomotive drive by connecting rods directly to the wheels).1817, jointly with William Losh, British patent no. 4,067 (steam springs for locomotives, and improvements to track).Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, Longman (the best modern biography; includes a bibliography).S.Smiles, 1874, The Lives of George and Robert Stephenson, rev. edn, London (although sycophantic, this is probably the best nineteenthcentury biography).PJGR -
8 Holt, Benjamin
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1 January 1849 Concord, New Hampshire, USAd. 5 December 1924 Stockton, California, USA[br]American machinery manufacturer responsible for the development of the Caterpillar tractor and for early developments in combine harvesters.[br]In 1864 Charles Henry Holt led three other brothers to California in response to the gold rush. In 1868 he founded C.H.Holt \& Co. in San Francisco with the help of his brothers Williams and Ames. The company dealt in timber as well as wagon and carriage materials, as did the business they had left behind in Concord in the care of their youngest brother, Benjamin. In 1883 Benjamin joined the others in California and together they formed the Stockton Wheel Company with offices in San Francisco and Stockton. The brothers recognized the potential of combine harvesters and purchased a number of patents, enlarged their works and began to experiment. Their first combine was produced in 1886, and worked for forty-six days that year. With the stimulus of Benjamin Holt the company produced the first hillside combine in 1891 and introduced the concept of belt drive. The Holt harvesting machine produced in 1904 was the first to use an auxiliary gas engine. By 1889 Benjamin was sole family executive. In 1890 the company produced its first traction engine. He began experimenting with track-laying machines, building his first in 1904. It was this machine which earned the nickname "Caterpillar", which has remained the company trade name to the present day. In 1906 thecompany produced its first gasoline-engined Caterpillar, and the first production model was introduced two years later. The development of Caterpillar tractors had a significant impact on the transport potential of the Allies during the First World War, and the Holt production of track-laying traction engines was of immense importance to the supply of the armed forces. In 1918 Benjamin Holt was still actively involved in the company, but he died in Stockton in 1920.[br]Further ReadingW.A.Payne (ed.), 1982, Benjamin Holt: The Story of the Caterpillar Tractor, Stockton, Calif: University of the Pacific (provides an illustrated account of the life of Holt and the company he formed).R.Jones, "Benjamin Holt and the Caterpillar tractor", Vintage Tractor Magazine 1st special vol.AP -
9 автомобиль
* * *автомоби́ль м.
брит. motor vehicle; амер. automobile; ( легковой) брит. (motor) car; амер. car; ( грузовой) брит. lorry; амер. truckвести́ автомоби́ль «нака́том» — let a car free-wheelвести́ автомоби́ль на пе́рвой, второ́й, тре́тьей ско́рости — the car drives in first, second, third gear, drive the car in first [second, third] gearзапуска́ть автомоби́ль «на ско́рости» ( с включённой передачей) — start a car in gearавтомоби́ль «клюё́т» ( при резком торможении) — the car nose-divesконсерви́ровать автомоби́ль на зи́му — lay up a car for winterавтомоби́ль «нае́здил» ( столько-то) [m2]км — the car has (so many) km on itобка́тывать автомоби́ль — break in a (new) carавтомоби́ль облада́ет хоро́шей или плохо́й обтека́емостью — the car has good or poor wind [air] shapeоформля́ть вне́шний вид автомоби́ля — style a carпереводи́ть автомоби́ль на зи́мнюю эксплуата́цию — winterize a carпуска́ть автомоби́ль в эксплуата́цию — put a (new) car on the roadавтомоби́ль «слу́шается» руля́ изли́шне легко́ — the car oversteersавтомоби́ль «слу́шается» руля́ с замедле́нием [«ту́го»] — the car understeersсодержа́ть автомоби́ль в хоро́шем состоя́нии — keep a car properly tuned upэксплуати́ровать автомоби́ль на ши́нах завы́шенного разме́ра — overtyre a carэксплуати́ровать автомоби́ль на ши́нах зани́женного разме́ра — undertyre a carавтомоби́ль авари́йной слу́жбы — emergency service vehicleаккумуля́торный автомоби́ль — battery carбезопа́сный автомоби́ль — wreck-resistant carбезра́мный автомоби́ль — frameless vehicle, unit-construction carавтомоби́ль высо́кой [повы́шенной] проходи́мости — cross-country vehicleгазобалло́нный автомоби́ль — compressed gas vehicleгазогенера́торный автомоби́ль — gas-producer vehicleгазотурби́нный автомоби́ль — (gas) turbine vehicleгрузово́й автомоби́ль — брит. lorry; амер. truckгрузово́й автомоби́ль большо́й грузоподъё́мности — heavy(-duty) truckгрузово́й, лё́гкий автомоби́ль — light(-duty) truckгрузово́й автомоби́ль ма́лой грузоподъё́мности — light(-duty) truckгрузово́й автомоби́ль с каби́ной над дви́гателем — cab-over-engine truckгрузово́й автомоби́ль с ку́зовом-платфо́рмой — platform [plank-body, flat bed] truckгрузово́й автомоби́ль с откидны́ми борта́ми — drop-side truckгрузово́й автомоби́ль сре́дней грузоподъё́мности — medium(-duty) truckгрузово́й, тяжё́лый автомоби́ль — heavy(-duty) truckгру́зо-пассажи́рский автомоби́ль — брит. estate car; амер. station wagon, utility carгу́сеничный автомоби́ль — track-type [crawler-type, track-laying, tracked] vehicleдвухо́сный автомоби́ль — two-axle vehicleди́зельный автомоби́ль — Diesel-powered [Diesel-engined] vehicle, Diesel-powered truckавтомоби́ль для вы́возки му́сора — garbage [removal, refuse collecting] truckавтомоби́ль для перево́зки скота́ — cattle truckавтомоби́ль для поли́вки у́лиц — street watering motor carавтомоби́ль для убо́рки у́лиц — communal truck, road sweeper, road broom, street cleanerизотерми́ческий автомоби́ль — refrigerated truckлегково́й автомоби́ль — брит. (motor) car; амер. carлесово́зный автомоби́ль — lumber carrier, timber truckмалолитра́жный автомоби́ль — economy [compact] carмикролитра́жный автомоби́ль — baby car, minicarавтомоби́ль о́бщего назначе́ния — utility vehicleопера́торский автомоби́ль кфт. — camera carо́пытный автомоби́ль — prototype carпарово́й автомоби́ль — steam carпассажи́рский автомоби́ль — passenger car, passenger vehicleавтомоби́ль по доста́вке това́ров — delivery truckпожа́рный автомоби́ль — fire-fighting vehicle, fire engine, fire applianceполноприводно́й автомоби́ль — all-wheel-drive vehicleпочто́вый автомоби́ль — postal car, mail van, mail wag(g)onпрока́тный автомоби́ль — hire [rental] carавтомоби́ль, пу́щенный в произво́дство — production motor vehicleавтомоби́ль, рабо́тающий на сжи́женном га́зе — liquid-gas vehicleсанита́рный автомоби́ль — medical vehicleавтомоби́ль с бензи́новым дви́гателем и электри́ческой трансми́ссией — брит. petrol-electric vehicle; амер. gasoline-electric vehicleавтомоби́ль с двумя́ дви́гателями — two-engined [twin-engined] vehicleавтомоби́ль с жё́стким ве́рхом — hardtop (car)автомоби́ль с за́дним расположе́нием дви́гателя — rear-engined carавтомоби́ль с карбюра́торным дви́гателем — брит. petrol-powered lorry; амер. gasoline-powered truckавтомоби́ль с карда́нной переда́чей — line axle carавтомоби́ль ско́рой по́мощи — ambulance (car)автомоби́ль с ку́зовом «Универса́л» — station wag(g)on, estate carснегоубо́рочный автомоби́ль — snow-fighting vehicleавтомоби́ль с незави́симой подве́ской колё́с — independently sprung carавтомоби́ль с несу́щим ку́зовом — frameless vehicle, unit-construction carавтомоби́ль с откидны́м ве́рхом — convertible [soft-top] carавтомоби́ль с пере́дними веду́щими колё́сами — front wheel drive carспорти́вный автомоби́ль — sports carавтомоби́ль с при́водом на все колё́са — all-wheel drive vehicleавтомоби́ль с управля́емыми за́дними колё́сами — rear-steering carавтомоби́ль с цепно́й гла́вной переда́чей — chain driven carавтомоби́ль с четырьмя́ веду́щими колё́сами — four-wheel drive vehicleтра́нспортный автомоби́ль — transport vehicleтрёхо́сный автомоби́ль — three-axle vehicleэксперимента́льный автомоби́ль — experimental carэлектри́ческий автомоби́ль — electric-battery car -
10 zweksl|ować
pf vt 1. środ., Kolej. (przetoczyć) to shunt [pociąg, wagon, lokomotywę]- zwekslować pociąg na inny tor to shunt a train onto a different track2. pot. to steer- zwekslować rozmowę na inny tor a. temat to steer the conversation onto a different track- zwekslował rozmowę z polityki he steered the conversation away from politicsThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > zweksl|ować
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11 Curr, John
[br]b. 1756 Kyo, near Lanchester, or in Greenside, near Ryton-on-Tyne, Durham, Englandd. 27 January 1823 Sheffield, England[br]English coal-mine manager and engineer, inventor of flanged, cast-iron plate rails.[br]The son of a "coal viewer", Curr was brought up in the West Durham colliery district. In 1777 he went to the Duke of Norfolk's collieries at Sheffield, where in 1880 he was appointed Superintendent. There coal was conveyed underground in baskets on sledges: Curr replaced the wicker sledges with wheeled corves, i.e. small four-wheeled wooden wagons, running on "rail-roads" with cast-iron rails and hauled from the coal-face to the shaft bottom by horses. The rails employed hitherto had usually consisted of plates of iron, the flange being on the wheels of the wagon. Curr's new design involved flanges on the rails which guided the vehicles, the wheels of which were unflanged and could run on any hard surface. He appears to have left no precise record of the date that he did this, and surviving records have been interpreted as implying various dates between 1776 and 1787. In 1787 John Buddle paid tribute to the efficiency of the rails of Curr's type, which were first used for surface transport by Joseph Butler in 1788 at his iron furnace at Wingerworth near Chesterfield: their use was then promoted widely by Benjamin Outram, and they were adopted in many other English mines. They proved serviceable until the advent of locomotives demanded different rails.In 1788 Curr also developed a system for drawing a full corve up a mine shaft while lowering an empty one, with guides to separate them. At the surface the corves were automatically emptied by tipplers. Four years later he was awarded a patent for using double ropes for lifting heavier loads. As the weight of the rope itself became a considerable problem with the increasing depth of the shafts, Curr invented the flat hemp rope, patented in 1798, which consisted of several small round ropes stitched together and lapped upon itself in winding. It acted as a counterbalance and led to a reduction in the time and cost of hoisting: at the beginning of a run the loaded rope began to coil upon a small diameter, gradually increasing, while the unloaded rope began to coil off a large diameter, gradually decreasing.Curr's book The Coal Viewer (1797) is the earliest-known engineering work on railway track and it also contains the most elaborate description of a Newcomen pumping engine, at the highest state of its development. He became an acknowledged expert on construction of Newcomen-type atmospheric engines, and in 1792 he established a foundry to make parts for railways and engines.Because of the poor financial results of the Duke of Norfolk's collieries at the end of the century, Curr was dismissed in 1801 despite numerous inventions and improvements which he had introduced. After his dismissal, six more of his patents were concerned with rope-making: the one he gained in 1813 referred to the application of flat ropes to horse-gins and perpendicular drum-shafts of steam engines. Curr also introduced the use of inclined planes, where a descending train of full corves pulled up an empty one, and he was one of the pioneers employing fixed steam engines for hauling. He may have resided in France for some time before his death.[br]Bibliography1788. British patent no. 1,660 (guides in mine shafts).1789. An Account of tin Improved Method of Drawing Coals and Extracting Ores, etc., from Mines, Newcastle upon Tyne.1797. The Coal Viewer and Engine Builder's Practical Companion; reprinted with five plates and an introduction by Charles E.Lee, 1970, London: Frank Cass, and New York: Augustus M.Kelley.1798. British patent no. 2,270 (flat hemp ropes).Further ReadingF.Bland, 1930–1, "John Curr, originator of iron tram roads", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 11:121–30.R.A.Mott, 1969, Tramroads of the eighteenth century and their originator: John Curr', Transactions of the Newcomen Society 42:1–23 (includes corrections to Fred Bland's earlier paper).Charles E.Lee, 1970, introduction to John Curr, The Coal Viewer and Engine Builder's Practical Companion, London: Frank Cass, pp. 1–4; orig. pub. 1797, Sheffield (contains the most comprehensive biographical information).R.Galloway, 1898, Annals of Coalmining, Vol. I, London; reprinted 1971, London (provides a detailed account of Curr's technological alterations).WK / PJGR -
12 vea
vĭa ( vĕa, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 14), ae ( gen. sing. vias, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 679 P., or Ann. v. 421 Vahl.; viāï, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 6, 16, or Ann. v. 209 ib.; Lucr. 1, 406; 1, 659; 2, 249 et saep.; dat. plur. VIEIS, Inscr. Lat. 206, 50), f. [Sanscr. vah-āmi, bring, lead; Gr. ochos, ochêma, vehicle; Germ. Wagen; Engl. wagon; from this root are also veho, vexo, etc.], a way, in the most general sense (for men, beasts, or carriages, within or without a city), a highway, road, path, street.I.Lit.1.In gen.:2.viae latitudo ex lege duodecim tabularum in porrectum octo pedes habet, in anfractum, id est ubi flexum est, sedecim,
Dig. 8, 3, 8:Romam in montibus positam et convallibus, non optimis viis, angustissimis semitis,
Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 96:et modo quae fuerat semita, facta via est,
Mart. 7, 61, 4:aut viam aut semitam monstret,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 30:mi opsistere in viā,
id. Curc. 2, 3, 5:ire in viā,
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 42:omnibus viis notis semitisque essedarios ex silvis emittebat,
Caes. B. G. 5, 19 (opp. semita), id. ib. 7, 8; Liv. 44, 43, 1; cf.:decedam ego illi de viā,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 80; cf. id. Curc. 2, 3, 8:paulum ad dexteram de viā declinavi,
Cic. Fin. 5, 2, 5:decedere viā,
Suet. Tib. 31:aestuosa et pulverulenta via,
Cic. Att. 5, 14, 1:quā (viā) Sequanis invitis propter angustias ire non poterant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 9:cursare huc illuc viā deterrimā,
Cic. Att. 9, 9, 2:in viam se dare,
to set out on a journey, id. Fam. 14, 12:te neque navigationi neque viae committere,
id. ib. 16, 4, 1:tu abi tuam viam,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 88:milites monuit, viā omnes irent, nec deverti quemquam paterentur,
along the highway, Liv. 25, 9, 4.—In a double sense:ire publicā viā,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 35.—Prov.: qui sibi semitam non sapiunt, alteri monstrant viam, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. v. 358 Vahl.):de viā in semitam degredi,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 40:totā errare viā,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 14.—In partic., as the name of a particular street or road:B.tres ergo viae, a supero mari Flaminia, ab infero Aurelia, media Cassia,
Cic. Phil. 12, 9, 22:Via Appia,
id. Mil. 6, 15; id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55; cf. Liv. 9, 29, 6;v. Appius: Via Campana,
Suet. Aug. 94;v. Campania: Sacra Via, in Rome, in the fourth region,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 47 Müll.; Fest. p. 290 ib.; Cic. Planc. 7, 17; Hor. Epod. 4, 7; 7, 8:Via Sacra,
id. S. 1, 9, 1;also written as one word, SACRAVIA,
Inscr. Grut. 638, 7; 1033, 1; cf. Charis. p. 6 P.; Diom. p. 401 ib. (v. sacer, I. A.); cf. Becker, Antiq. 1, p. 219 sq.— Hence, Sacrăvĭenses, ĭum, m., those dwelling on the Sacra Via, Fest. s. v. October equus, p. 178 Müll.—Transf.1.Abstr., like our way, for march, journey (syn. iter):2.cum de viā languerem,
Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 12:nisi de viā fessus esset,
id. Ac. 1, 1, 1: tridui via, a three days' march or journey, Caes. B. G. 1, 38:bidui,
id. ib. 6, 7; Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27:longitudo viae,
Liv. 37, 33, 3:flecte viam velis,
Verg. A. 5, 28:tum via tuta maris,
Ov. M. 11, 747:feci Longa Pherecleā per freta puppe vias,
id. H. 16, 22:ne inter vias praeterbitamus, metuo,
by the way, on the road, Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 43; Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 1; Turp. ap. Non. p. 538, 8 et saep.—In gen., a way, passage, channel, pipe, etc.; thus, a lane in a camp, Caes. B. G. 5, 49; a passage between the seats of a theatre, Mart. 5, 14, 8; Tert. Spect. 3; of the veins:II.omnes ejus (sanguinis) viae,
Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137; of the chyle ducts:quaedam a medio intestino usque ad portas jecoris ductae et directae viae,
id. ib.; the windpipe, Ov. M. 15, 344; 14, 498; a cleft through which any thing penetrates, Verg. G. 2, 79; cf. Ov. M. 11, 515; the path or track of an arrow, Verg. A. 5, 526; a stripe in a party-colored fabric, Tib. 2, 3, 54 et saep.—Trop.A.In gen., a way, method, mode, manner, fashion, etc., of doing any thing, course (cf. modus):B.vitae,
Cic. Fl. 42, 105; id. Agr. 1, 9, 27; id. Sest. 67, 140; Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 26; Sen. Brev. Vit. 9, 5; Lact. Epit. 67, 12:via vivendi,
Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118:rectam vitae viam sequi,
id. ib.:Socrates hanc viam ad gloriam proximam dicebat esse,
id. ib. 2, 12, 43:haec ad aeternam gloriam via est,
Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 18:haec una via omnibus ad salutem visa est,
Liv. 36, 27, 8:invenire viam ad mortem,
Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 12:totidem ad mortem viae sunt,
Sen. Contr. 1, 8, 6:cum eum hortarer ut eam laudis viam rectissimam esse duceret,
Cic. Brut. 81, 281: haec est una via laudis, id. Sest. 65, 137:totam ignoras viam gloriae,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 33:quae tum promptissima mortis via, exsolvit venas,
Tac. A. 16, 17:habeo certam viam atque rationem, quā omnes illorum conatus investigare et consequi possim,
Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 48:defensionis ratio viaque,
id. ib. 2, 5, 1, §4: non tam justitiae quam litigandi tradunt vias,
id. Leg. 1, 6, 18:docendi via,
id. Or. 32, 114:optimarum artium vias tradere,
id. Div. 2, 1, 1:(di) non... nullas dant vias nobis ad significationum scientiam,
id. ib. 2, 49, 102:rectam instas viam,
i. e. you speak correctly, truly, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 41.—Adverb.: rectā viā, directly:ut rectā viā rem narret ordine omnem,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 28.—Pregn. (cf. ratio), the right way, the true method, mode, or manner:C.ingressu'st viam, i. e. rectam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 273:in omnibus quae ratione docentur et viā, primum constituendum est, quid quidque sit, etc.,
rationally and methodically, Cic. Or. 33, 116:ut ratione et viā procedat oratio,
id. Fin. 1, 9, 29.—Adverb.: viā, rightly, properly (opp. to wandering out of the way):ipsus eam rem secum reputavit viā,
Ter. And. 2, 6, 11:viā et arte dicere,
Cic. Brut. 12, 46. —Viam perficere, i. e. to attain an end, Just. Inst. proöem. 1. -
13 via
vĭa ( vĕa, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 14), ae ( gen. sing. vias, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 679 P., or Ann. v. 421 Vahl.; viāï, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 6, 16, or Ann. v. 209 ib.; Lucr. 1, 406; 1, 659; 2, 249 et saep.; dat. plur. VIEIS, Inscr. Lat. 206, 50), f. [Sanscr. vah-āmi, bring, lead; Gr. ochos, ochêma, vehicle; Germ. Wagen; Engl. wagon; from this root are also veho, vexo, etc.], a way, in the most general sense (for men, beasts, or carriages, within or without a city), a highway, road, path, street.I.Lit.1.In gen.:2.viae latitudo ex lege duodecim tabularum in porrectum octo pedes habet, in anfractum, id est ubi flexum est, sedecim,
Dig. 8, 3, 8:Romam in montibus positam et convallibus, non optimis viis, angustissimis semitis,
Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 96:et modo quae fuerat semita, facta via est,
Mart. 7, 61, 4:aut viam aut semitam monstret,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 30:mi opsistere in viā,
id. Curc. 2, 3, 5:ire in viā,
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 42:omnibus viis notis semitisque essedarios ex silvis emittebat,
Caes. B. G. 5, 19 (opp. semita), id. ib. 7, 8; Liv. 44, 43, 1; cf.:decedam ego illi de viā,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 80; cf. id. Curc. 2, 3, 8:paulum ad dexteram de viā declinavi,
Cic. Fin. 5, 2, 5:decedere viā,
Suet. Tib. 31:aestuosa et pulverulenta via,
Cic. Att. 5, 14, 1:quā (viā) Sequanis invitis propter angustias ire non poterant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 9:cursare huc illuc viā deterrimā,
Cic. Att. 9, 9, 2:in viam se dare,
to set out on a journey, id. Fam. 14, 12:te neque navigationi neque viae committere,
id. ib. 16, 4, 1:tu abi tuam viam,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 88:milites monuit, viā omnes irent, nec deverti quemquam paterentur,
along the highway, Liv. 25, 9, 4.—In a double sense:ire publicā viā,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 35.—Prov.: qui sibi semitam non sapiunt, alteri monstrant viam, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. v. 358 Vahl.):de viā in semitam degredi,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 40:totā errare viā,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 14.—In partic., as the name of a particular street or road:B.tres ergo viae, a supero mari Flaminia, ab infero Aurelia, media Cassia,
Cic. Phil. 12, 9, 22:Via Appia,
id. Mil. 6, 15; id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55; cf. Liv. 9, 29, 6;v. Appius: Via Campana,
Suet. Aug. 94;v. Campania: Sacra Via, in Rome, in the fourth region,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 47 Müll.; Fest. p. 290 ib.; Cic. Planc. 7, 17; Hor. Epod. 4, 7; 7, 8:Via Sacra,
id. S. 1, 9, 1;also written as one word, SACRAVIA,
Inscr. Grut. 638, 7; 1033, 1; cf. Charis. p. 6 P.; Diom. p. 401 ib. (v. sacer, I. A.); cf. Becker, Antiq. 1, p. 219 sq.— Hence, Sacrăvĭenses, ĭum, m., those dwelling on the Sacra Via, Fest. s. v. October equus, p. 178 Müll.—Transf.1.Abstr., like our way, for march, journey (syn. iter):2.cum de viā languerem,
Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 12:nisi de viā fessus esset,
id. Ac. 1, 1, 1: tridui via, a three days' march or journey, Caes. B. G. 1, 38:bidui,
id. ib. 6, 7; Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27:longitudo viae,
Liv. 37, 33, 3:flecte viam velis,
Verg. A. 5, 28:tum via tuta maris,
Ov. M. 11, 747:feci Longa Pherecleā per freta puppe vias,
id. H. 16, 22:ne inter vias praeterbitamus, metuo,
by the way, on the road, Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 43; Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 1; Turp. ap. Non. p. 538, 8 et saep.—In gen., a way, passage, channel, pipe, etc.; thus, a lane in a camp, Caes. B. G. 5, 49; a passage between the seats of a theatre, Mart. 5, 14, 8; Tert. Spect. 3; of the veins:II.omnes ejus (sanguinis) viae,
Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137; of the chyle ducts:quaedam a medio intestino usque ad portas jecoris ductae et directae viae,
id. ib.; the windpipe, Ov. M. 15, 344; 14, 498; a cleft through which any thing penetrates, Verg. G. 2, 79; cf. Ov. M. 11, 515; the path or track of an arrow, Verg. A. 5, 526; a stripe in a party-colored fabric, Tib. 2, 3, 54 et saep.—Trop.A.In gen., a way, method, mode, manner, fashion, etc., of doing any thing, course (cf. modus):B.vitae,
Cic. Fl. 42, 105; id. Agr. 1, 9, 27; id. Sest. 67, 140; Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 26; Sen. Brev. Vit. 9, 5; Lact. Epit. 67, 12:via vivendi,
Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118:rectam vitae viam sequi,
id. ib.:Socrates hanc viam ad gloriam proximam dicebat esse,
id. ib. 2, 12, 43:haec ad aeternam gloriam via est,
Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 18:haec una via omnibus ad salutem visa est,
Liv. 36, 27, 8:invenire viam ad mortem,
Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 12:totidem ad mortem viae sunt,
Sen. Contr. 1, 8, 6:cum eum hortarer ut eam laudis viam rectissimam esse duceret,
Cic. Brut. 81, 281: haec est una via laudis, id. Sest. 65, 137:totam ignoras viam gloriae,
id. Phil. 1, 14, 33:quae tum promptissima mortis via, exsolvit venas,
Tac. A. 16, 17:habeo certam viam atque rationem, quā omnes illorum conatus investigare et consequi possim,
Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 48:defensionis ratio viaque,
id. ib. 2, 5, 1, §4: non tam justitiae quam litigandi tradunt vias,
id. Leg. 1, 6, 18:docendi via,
id. Or. 32, 114:optimarum artium vias tradere,
id. Div. 2, 1, 1:(di) non... nullas dant vias nobis ad significationum scientiam,
id. ib. 2, 49, 102:rectam instas viam,
i. e. you speak correctly, truly, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 41.—Adverb.: rectā viā, directly:ut rectā viā rem narret ordine omnem,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 28.—Pregn. (cf. ratio), the right way, the true method, mode, or manner:C.ingressu'st viam, i. e. rectam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 273:in omnibus quae ratione docentur et viā, primum constituendum est, quid quidque sit, etc.,
rationally and methodically, Cic. Or. 33, 116:ut ratione et viā procedat oratio,
id. Fin. 1, 9, 29.—Adverb.: viā, rightly, properly (opp. to wandering out of the way):ipsus eam rem secum reputavit viā,
Ter. And. 2, 6, 11:viā et arte dicere,
Cic. Brut. 12, 46. —Viam perficere, i. e. to attain an end, Just. Inst. proöem. 1. -
14 couloir
couloir [kulwaʀ]masculine noun[de bâtiment] corridor (Brit), hall (US) ; [d'avion, train] aisle ; [de piscine, piste, bus, taxi] lane ; (Geography) gully ; (Tennis) tramlines (Brit), alley (US) ; (Skiing) corridor* * *kulwaʀnom masculin1) ( de bâtiment) corridor GB, hallway US; ( de train) corridor; ( de station de métro) passagebruits de couloirs — rumours [BrE]
2) ( sur la chaussée)couloir (de circulation ou réservé) — bus (and taxi) lane
3) (sur stade, en piscine) lane; ( sur court) tramlines (pl) GB, alley US4) Géographie corridor* * *kulwaʀ nm1) (dans un immeuble) corridor, passagedes bruits de couloir; des bruits de couloirs (= des rumeurs) — rumours Grande-Bretagne rumors USA
2) (dans un avion) aisle, (dans un bus) gangway3) SPORT, [piste] lane4) TRANSPORTS lane5) GÉOGRAPHIE gully* * *couloir nm1 ( de bâtiment) corridor GB, hallway US; ( de train) corridor; ( de station de métro) passage; conversations de couloirs backstairs gossip; bruits de couloirs rumoursGB;4 Géog corridor.couloir aérien air (traffic) lane.[kulwar] nom masculin[d'un wagon] corridor2. TRANSPORTS3. [entre des régions, des pays] corridor5. [d'un appareil de projection] track -
15 kolein|a
f 1. (ślad kół) rut- pozostawiać koleiny w asfalcie to leave ruts in the asphalt- wjechać w koleiny to drive into some ruts- wóz wyżłobił głębokie koleiny w błotnistej drodze the wagon cut deep ruts in the muddy road- „koleiny” (znak drogowy) ‘caution: (deep) ruts ahead’2. zw. pl przen. rut, groove- wszystko wracało w dawne koleiny everything was slipping a. falling back into the same old rut- wytrącić kogoś z kolein tradycyjnego myślenia to shake sb out of the rut of traditional thinking- życie toczy się utartymi koleinami life follows the same old pattern3. zw. pl Wojsk. portable track (for army vehicles)The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > kolein|a
-
16 автомобиль
м. брит. амер. брит. амер. брит. амер. motor vehicle; automobile; car; lorry; truckвести автомобиль «накатом» — let a car free-wheel
запускать автомобиль «на скорости» — start a car in gear
автомобиль «клюёт» — the car nose-dives
автомобиль «наездил» км — the car has km on it
автомобиль «слушается» руля излишне легко — the car oversteers
автомобиль «слушается» руля с замедлением — the car understeers
грузовой автомобиль — lorry; truck
легковой автомобиль — car; car
автомобиль с бензиновым двигателем и электрической трансмиссией — petrol-electric vehicle; gasoline-electric vehicle
автомобиль с карбюраторным двигателем — petrol-powered lorry; gasoline-powered truck
автомобиль с кузовом «Универсал» — station wagon
Синонимический ряд:автомашина (сущ.) авто; автомашина; машина; машину; тачка; тачку -
17 ça
dem. pron. A familiar contraction of cela, this pronoun's colloquiality is commensurate with context and usage.2. Ah, ça?! Who knows?! — God only knows! Ah, ça?! Te dire s'il va venir?! Search me! I don't know if he's coming!3. Comme ça (form of 'verbal padding'): So¼ Alors, comme ça elle me dit¼ et je lui réponds comme ça¼: So I says to her¼and she says to ec¼ Alors comme ça, vous vous mariez? So you're getting married then?4. Et avec ça! (iron.): Get away! —Go on with you! — You're joking?! Il ne picole pas?! Et avec ça! Him on the wagon? You must be joking!5. C'est ça! Right on! You've got it in one!6. C'est tout à fait ça: That's just the job.— That's just what I want.7. Ce n'est pas tout ça, mais¼: That's all very well, but¼ Cen'est pas tout ça, mais moi, il faut que je rentre: It's O.K. for you (to talk), but I've got to get home.9. Il y a de ça! There's some truth in it! Il y a de ça! Tu sais, son mariage n 'est pas des plus réussis: You're not far off the truth! She's not all that happily married.10. Il n'y a que ça: There's nothing like it! — You can't beat it! Un bon cigare à la fin d'un repas, 'y a que ça! A good cigar at the end of a meal just makes it perfect.11. Remettre ça: To have another. Alors, on remet ça? C'est ma tournée! Let's have another drink, it's my round! -
18 raíl
m.1 rail.2 RAIL, Andean Legislative Information Network.* * *1 rail* * *noun m.* * *= rail, curtain rail.Ex. Most such shelving moves in a perpendicular direction on rails mounted on the floor.Ex. Unlike curtain rails, curtain poles do not have so many wall brackets.----* raíl de cortina = curtain rail.* * *= rail, curtain rail.Ex: Most such shelving moves in a perpendicular direction on rails mounted on the floor.
Ex: Unlike curtain rails, curtain poles do not have so many wall brackets.* raíl de cortina = curtain rail.* * *( Esp)* * *
raíl sustantivo masculino rail
' raíl' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
carril
- cojinete
- comulgatorio
- férrea
- férreo
- ferroviaria I
- ferroviario
- riel
- toallero
- baranda
- barra
- borda
- ferrocarrilero
- vía
English:
connected
- delay
- rail
- rail accident
- rail journey
- rail strike
- rail traffic
- towel rail
- bar
- buffer
- caboose
- car
- carriage
- coach
- compartment
- couple
- engineer
- gauge
- guard
- hand
- line
- luggage
- main
- metro
- platform
- point
- shunt
- siding
- sleeper
- sleeping
- station
- steam
- subway
- switch
- tank
- towel
- track
- train
- truck
- van
- wagon
* * *raíl, rail nmrail* * *m rail* * *raíl n rail -
19 gurdi
iz.1.a. cart; mando bat \gurdi bati tiraka zihoan a mule was pulling a cart along; \gurdiz by cart; \gurdiz eraman to cart offb. ( kopuruari d.) \gurdi bat belarra a cartful of grassc. [ izenen aurrean ] ( batzutan gurt-) \gurdi-ardatz cart axled. (esa.) \gurdia bere bidetik atera to go off a tanget | to go off tracka. carriageb. ( txikiagoa) buggy4. Astron. G\gurdia the Big Dipper
См. также в других словарях:
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